Jan 02, 2009 steam turbines a book of instruction for the adjustment and operation of the principal types of this class of prime movers. Outwardly turbines of both types appear identical and, in. Field services, steam path assessment and rapid response. This highvelocity steam produces dynamic pressure on the blades in which blades and shaft both start to rotate in the same direction. Presenting a survey of modern wet steam turbines, this book explains in clear, but detailed language the design features of the world s leading wet steam turbine manufacturers, including the subtleties of. Nevertheless modern steam turbines are very efficient and operate with internal efficiencies within the range of 80 percent to 90 percent depending upon the steam conditions. Our steam turbines serve a vast range of industries ranging from food and sugar to biomass and textiles and beyond. Enter your search terms separated by spaces, then press. Our total system capabilities ensure the optimization of the match between the steam turbine and the driven machines and provide all the advantages of a single. Codes and regulations on repair welding among the various codes and regulations that have been used to lay down guidelines and procedures for repair welding, those from the us nuclear regulatory commission are the most. Today turbinepowered generators produce most of the worlds electrical energy. In 1997, pennwell published my twovolume book large power steam turbines.
Since then turbines based on these principles have evolved in parallel and in fact merged to some degree. Steam turbines for modern fossilfuel power plants 1st. Appendix g provides a list of common be and fclass heavyduty gas turbines with current and former naming conventions. Effect of size on cost of gas turbine combined cycle units 10 2. Pdf the repair and refurbishing of steam generator components is discussed from the perspective of repair welding philosophy including. In noncondensing turbines or backpressure turbines, steam exhausts at a pressure greater than.
A failure in a 350 mw steam turbine resulted in significant internal damage to the turbine rotor, casing, diaphragms and other internal components. Were known far and wide for our knowledge and experience. Steam turbine maintenance is of high importance to keep the steam turbines efficiency high and to conform to safety standards to avoid any unforeseen dangers. Combined heat and power technology fact sheets series. Parts data capture either in workshop or onsite data processing and creation of surface models. Recent trends in repair and refurbishing of steam turbine components. Recent technologies for steam turbines fuji electric. Higher efficiency is also being required of steam turbines, which are a mature energy conversion. For water or incompressible fluid pump, qis negligible, pe 2 pe 1 is negligible, ke 2 ke 1 is negligible, u 2 u 1, v 2 v 1 v. Oems in india 95 list of technical reports 97 figures 2.
Effect of size on cost of pulverized coalfired plants 11. Request pdf damage assessment and refurbishment of steam turbine bladerotor attachment holes this paper presents a case study dealing with the assessment of cracking observed at steam turbine. The integration of the reverse engineering parts process into the steam turbine outage planning and execution ensures that parts can be supplied during ongoing overhauls. Damage assessment and refurbishment of steam turbine blade. Maintenance and overhaul of steam turbines imia, the. Industrial client operating multiple steam turbines up to 20 mw with low efficiency, reduced power output and reliability. Steam turbines 90 combustion turbines 92 stationary diesel engine turbines 92 annex 4. It lay dormant for over 15 years until pemex bought it in 2014and baker hughes. Todays steam turbines require a greater frequency of regularly scheduled upkeep and maintenance than their predecessors. Our proposal will include all of the work implicit to your state. Pdf recent trends in repair and refurbishing of steam turbine. The recommendations in this bulletin are to be used as guidelines to help develop specific repair procedures which may be unique to a given unit and field situation. We have always been a leading supplier of 4pole generators at increasingly high powers, and our range now supports outputs up to 80 mva and above with proven reliability.
Wet steam turbines for nuclear power plants by alexander s. Steam turbines may be classified into different categories depending on their construction, working pressures, size and many other parameters. Turbines are classified as hydraulic, or water, turbines, steam turbines, or gas turbines. Steam turbines are one of the most versatile and oldest prime mover technologies still in general production used to drive a generator or mechanical machinery. The results can be used to assist the business in making accurate decisions regarding when to refurbish or replace critical components. A steam turbine consists of a rotor resting on bearings and enclosed in a cylindrical casing. Repair or retrofitting of turbines to extend the life of existing plant is therefore an attractive option for owners of mature steam turbine plant.
These parts are covered under the ge warranty until your next operating interval or one year whichever comes first. To summarize, the risk to repair and refurbishment success. Our heavyduty gas turbine repair, maintenance, and parts services are bestinclass and scoped to your operational needs. Bled steam introduction this range of valves has been specifically designed for installation in bled extraction steam lines between steam turbines and feed water heaters but are equally applicable to reheater connections and bleed on passout lines in process plants.
Working principle of steam turbine depends on the dynamic action of steam. We aim to get your rotating equipments up and running in the shortest possible time. Damage assessment and refurbishment of steam turbine bladerotor attachment holes d g hattingh 1, m n james,1, 2, m newby 3, r scheepers 3 and p doubell 3 1 department of mechanical engineering nelson mandela metropolitan university, port elizabeth, south africa danie. It occurs because of elevated temperatures and high stresses, which cause the steel to creep over time. Brochure synchronous generators for steam and gas turbines. Chp configurations use backpressure or extraction steam turbines to. Lower environmental impact as all refurbishment now uk based. Reblading of turbine rotors and guide blade carriers. In case of turbines with cooling water preheating and lowpressure lp bypass, prior to supplying steam the regeneration and dumping systems have to be. Damage assessment and refurbishment of steam turbine.
As an owner operator of numerous oemdesign turbines similar to our clients, we were able to demonstrate competence in all areas of planning, engineering and execution of planned steam turbine maintenance. A highvelocity steam is coming from the nozzles and it strikes the rotating blades which are fitted on a disc mounted on a shaft. In this steam turbines books section you will find handbooks training material and slides related to steam turbine auxiliaries, design and operation and maintenance. The present book considers the newest approaches of the latest decade in design, operation, and refurbishment of steam turbines for fossilfuel power plants and is designed to be a final part of this trilogy. Complete refurbishment and upgrade of 40yearold fertilizer plant equipment many mexican downstream plants ceased operation in the 1990s because of feedstock supply limitations and poor transport capacity. Bend removal runout rectification of all types of rotors. Operation and maintenance schedule of a steam turbine. Unless otherwise specified discussions and recommendations concerning turbines and runners can also be assumed to be applicable to large pumps and impellers. In this steam turbines books section you will find handbooks training material and slides related to steam turbine auxiliaries, design and operation. Steam turbines startups 1 principles of steam turbines startups. They also won several orders for steam turbines and for the maintenance and refurbishment of gas turbines, steam turbines and hydro turbines, but the litigation associated with the gt24 and gt26 contracts and the redevelopment costs of these gas turbines had resulted in a financial black hole amounting to some 6 billion in their. Ge has developed an array of proven repair techniques for all parts of the industrial steam turbine. Customized solutions, matched with the driven compressor, and a modular design philosophy ensure optimum efficiency without compromising reliability and availability. The repair and refurbishing of steam generator components is discussed from the perspective of repair welding philosophy including applicable codes and reg.
The main distinction is the manner in which the steam is expanded as it passes through the turbine. This manual does not for designing steam turbine and the related parts. Troubleshooting bearing and lube oil system problems thomas h. The basic element in a turbine is a wheel or rotor with addles, propellers, blades, or buckets arranged on its circumference in. This work presents a new online risk model for eskom to track risks on their lp steam turbines instead of continuing with expensive time based inspections. Prior to supplying steam to the turbine, the steam supply pipelines have to be drained and heated up.
Windmills that generate electricity are known as wind turbines. Thus a steam turbine could be viewed as a complex series of windmilllike arrangements, all assembled on the same shaft. Mund 4 further notes that about a third of the installed steam generating capacity is older than 30 years, making major overhauls and refits inevitable components of life extension. Steam turbine diaphragm dishing repair ge power diaphragm dishing can lead to costly repairs diaphragm dishing is a known issue on most steam turbines. Diaphragm dishing is a known issue on most steam turbines. Steam turbine repair success lies heavily upon planning and parts supplier communication.
Recent trends in repair and refurbishing of steam turbine. Purpose this manual can be used for preliminary selection, steam and cooling water planning for steam turbines in basic and detail engineering stages. Ges modernization of the nearly 50yearold steam turbines will blend hardware and software technology with newly designed replacements of the turbines internal components including a digital electrohydraulic controller, a condition monitoring system, generator stator rewinding, generator rotor refurbishment, exciter rewinding and. Steam turbines are available in sizes from under 100 kw to over 250 mw. The zerocycle repair program offers an efficient, costeffective option that eliminates inventory carryingcosts and reduces your cycle time to 0since replacement parts are onsite at the outset of an outage. Compounding of steam turbines is the method in which energy from the steam is extracted in a number of stages rather than a single stage in a turbine.
Steam turbines for nuclear, gas, coal and oil power generation. We offer total repair and refurbishment packages for all types of steam turbines, compressors, pumps, generators etc. The steam turbine operates under high steam pressures, and has a number of moving parts. See more ideas about steam turbine, abandoned factory and industrial photography. The rotor is turned by steam impinging against attached vanes or blades on which it exerts a force in the tangential direction. For gas or steam turbine, q negligible, pe 2 pe 1 is negligible, ke 2 ke 1 is negligible, and w sf h 1 h 2.
Additional information on steam turbines is given by the international association of engineering. Turbine overhaul, refurbishment and repair uniper energy. Demand for more efficient thermal power has also intensified than ever. This means that each would have a single value at any given state of the fluid.
Sts has wide range of experts to meet any job requirements relating to rotating equipment. Bhge has extensive experience in steam turbines for both mechanical drive and generator drive applications in chemicalpetrochemical, refinery, gastoliquids and industrial plants. Introduction in recent years, environmental measures such as for reducing co2 emissions have been implemented on a global scale. Steamturbine principles and practice by croft, terrell, 1880publication date 1923 topics steamturbines publisher new york. Mund further notes that about a third of the installed steam generating capacity is older than 30 years, making major overhauls and refits inevitable components of life extension.
The aforementioned work was also supplemented by another book, wet steam turbines for nuclear power plants. A ge gas turbine is a fully integrated design consisting of stationary and rotating mechanical, fluid, thermal, and electrical systems. There are two classical types of turbine stage designs. The first steam turbine used for power generation was invented in 1884. If the steam is expanded only in a single stage from the boiler pressure to the exhaust pressure, its velocity must be extremely high. Operation of steam turbines under blade failures during the. Shop work a tgm inspection is more than a typical open, clean, and close project. Following the extensive refurbishment, we successfully rebuilt and commissioned the unit. Turbine is a rotary engine that converts the energy of a moving stream of water, steam, or gas into mechanical energy. It was conceived as a comprehensive summary of technical insights into the main design concepts and operational problems of large power steam turbines, relying on a totality of the extensive experience accumulated by the end of the 20th century in. The turbine s performance, as well as the performance of each component within the turbine, is dependent upon the operating interrelationship between internal components and the total operating systems. Turbine repair internet version of this manual created september 2000 facilities engineering branch engineering division denver office denver, colorado the appearance of the internet version of this manual may differ from the original, but the contents do not united states department of the interior bureau of reclamation revised april 1989 by. This study investigates various scenarios consisting of shutting down the damaged unit for repairs and having continued operation of the unit by. Complete refurbishment and upgrade of 40yearold fertilizer.
In all turbines the rotating blade velocity is proportional to the steam velocity passing over the blade. After every overhaul or any modifications to the steam path, the differential expansion sensors must be set again. The company has a long and illustrious history as manufacturers of steam turbines, pumps and diesel engines. Recent trends in repair and refurbishing of steam turbine components article pdf available in sadhana 283. The same valve may also be used for starting the unit. For a steam generator, w sf 0, pe 2 pe 1 is negligible, ke 2 ke 1 is negligible, q h 2 h 1, and q h 2 h 1. Small gas turbine an overview sciencedirect topics.
Mccloskey is a fellow member of the asme, past chairman of the asme steam turbine committee, and member of the advisory committee for the international pump users symposium and a. For some old and small steam turbines, the stop valve may be a manual valve with a large handwheel. Definition a steam turbine is a prime mover in which the potential energy of the steam is transformed into kinetic energy and later in its turn is transformed into the mechanical energy of rotation of the turbine shaft. Refurbishment of steam turbine blade journal paper final.
Worked with client to develop long term maintenance strategy for power plant turbines. Reconditioning of turbine, compressors, generators. Steam turbine working principle and types of steam turbine. Abb also carries a preengineerd set of generators for gas and steam turbines. The main focus of this course will be on the failure modes of steam turbine components, causes and solutions for component failure, maintenance, refurbishment and overhaul, rotor dynamic analysis of steam turbines, and computer simulation of steam turbine rotor dynamics.
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